Israeli plan for the development of the historic basin of Jerusalem’s Old City, expected to conclude in 2024. The area slated for development includes the Old City and the so-called “City of David” in Silwan, along with the Mount of Olives, the Peace Forest, and the Armon HaNatziv Promenade. The Shalem Plan is a continuation of the processes taking place in the historic basin over the past 20 years, characterized by right-wing nonprofit influence over governmental actions (based on Government Decisions 2678 of 2017) and 3788 of 2018) that are harmful to the Palestinian residents and deleterious to non-Jewish heritage in East Jerusalem. Some of these initiatives include opening a cafe, building a cable car between the First Station in West Jerusalem and the Kedem Compound in East Jerusalem, expropriating agricultural land from Palestinians in Abu Tor/Ath-Thori via gardening orders, and others. Nearly half of the plan’s budget of NIS 350 million, which the Israeli government presented as a program of national importance, is funded by Elad, a rightwing settler organization with overt political and ideological goals (see Elad). The plan attempts to conceal all physical, symbolic, and emotional connections between Palestinian Silwan and the Old City and highlight only sites associated with the Jewish people’s narrative in Jerusalem.

Process initiated by the Israeli state in which land ownership rights are officially registered in the state’s land registry ("Tabu"). AS a result, land rights are established and can hardly be contested. While the majority of land (over 95%) on the Israeli side of Green Line has undergone a settlement of title procedure, approximately 90% of the land in East Jerusalem has not had these processes completed. These titles are essential in urban planning and economic development, promoting transparency, clarity, and finality of property rights. In 2018, Israel began to exploit them as part of implementing Israeli Government Decision 3790. However, in the context of the Israeli occupation and Jewish supremacy (see Nation-State Law) they aim at advancing the interests of the state rather than aiding the Palestinian population as it falsely claims. They are used as a tool to seize more land in East Jerusalem, leading to the expansion of Israeli settlements, furthering Palestinian dispossession, and placing Palestinian communities in East Jerusalem in danger of displacement. As of early 2023, 158 ​​blocs in East Jerusalem were undergoing settlement of land title proceedings – mainly areas where the state and/or settlers have a particular interest and some capacity to claim the land, while Palestinian residents are rarely sufficiently notified. As of June 2022, some 3,825 dunums of East Jerusalem land were at various stages in the process, with only two blocs having been completed, one of which is Um Haroun in Sheikh Jarrah. Other plots involved are part of the Shepherd Hotel compound in Sheikh Jarrah, areas in the French Hill, Gilo and Neve Yaakov settlements, and land next to Sur Baher.

(Hebrew: Hozrim Lahar) Jewish extremist group, which advocates for the construction of a third temple on the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound. Members are identified with the far-right Kach movement (see Kach/Kahane Chai). and are composed of several far-right settler groups (see Hilltop Youth). The goal of this group is not to challenge the status quo (see Status Quo)  and allow Jews to pray on Al-Aqsa Mosque, but the erasure of the status quo in order to set up a Temple “as written in the scriptures”. Members offer financial rewards to any attempts of goat sacrifice on the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound.

Series of Israeli airstrikes on the Gaza Strip during the period from 9-13 May 2023 that started with the targeted killing of three leaders of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad. In total,  33 people were killed in Gaza, including six children and three women.

Arrest campaign launched by the Israeli police in mid-May 2021 and lasting until 3 June 2021, during which thousands of police forces were deployed around the country against rioters, offenders and anyone involved in illegal activity, particularly targeting those involved in the May 2021 violence (during the “Gaza War”). Some 2,142 people were detained, 91% of whom were Arabs.

 Israeli military operation in reaction to Hizbullah’s infiltration attempt at Har Dov on the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights from 2-4 May 1988. Then commander of the Israeli army Northern Command, Major-General Yossi Peled, decided to raid the Lebanese town of Maidun, serving as Hizbullah base, which ended in the destruction of the village.

Israeli military operation in Gaza that started on 10 May 2021 ahead of the (later canceled) Jerusalem Day parade, launched as a response to the joint Hamas/Palestinian Islamic Jihad rockets fired at Jerusalem in protest of the provocative presence of Israel’s military and of Jewish extremists on Al-Aqsa compound and in Sheikh Jarrah. Israeli forces conducted hundreds of aerial, land, and sea strikes on the Gaza Strip, demolishing over 900 targets completely or partially, including 18 buildings (four of them high-rise towers), 40 schools, four hospitals, 19 medical facilities and parts of the Shati refugee camp, killing 256 Palestinians and wounding over 1,900 others. In Israel, 14 persons were killed. When after 11 days of fighting, on 21 May 2021, an Egypt-mediated ceasefire came into effect, some 72,000 Palestinians had been displaced.

Operation preventively launched by Israel against Gaza on 5 August 2022 after capturing Palestinian Islamic Jihad’s West Bank chief Bassem Saadi four days earlier. The stated objectives were protecting Israeli civilians from Islamic Jihad rockets, striking infrastructure in the Gaza Strip and eliminating senior officials. Israeli forces conducted some 147 airstrikes in Gaza, resulting in the death of at least 49 Palestinians, including 17 children. The operation ended on 7 August, when Israel and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad announced an Egyptian-brokered ceasefire.

(Ongoing) Israeli operation launched on 31 March 2022 in response to a series of stabbing and shooting attacks against Israelis in Beer Sheva, Bnei Brak, and Hadera earlier that month. It targeted resistance movements in the West Bank, leading to frequent raids in Jenin and Nablus and the deaths of civilians and journalists, including the killing of Palestinian journalist Shireen Abu Aqleh in Jenin on 11 May 2021. Part of the operation was also an army raid in the Jenin refugee camp on 26 January 2023 to prevent an allegedly planned attack, which left 10 Palestinians killed, including an elderly woman, making it the deadliest raid on the camp in nearly 20 years.

Initiative challenging the veteran Palestinian leadership, formed by a group of Palestinian personalities around Nasser Al-Qudwa, who was expelled from the ruling Fatah faction’s Central Committee in 2021 after he formed his own “Freedom List” to participate in the PLC elections (that never took place). The initiative seeks major reforms and changes in the Palestinian political system and institutions, including the PLO. It is described as a “transitional body for transformation and renewal” seeking to “push toward a national mobilization that can affect deep, extensive change to the Palestinian political system and rebuild its institutions, with the aim of empowering our people to confront the massive and national existential threats that we face.”

Electoral list formed in April 2021, by Nasser Al-Qudwa, a senior member of Fatah and Yasser Arafat’s nephew, to contest in the PLC elections in May 2021 (that never took place). A few hours before the registration deadline, the list merged with Marwan Barghouti – another veteran Fatah leader currently serving a life sentence in an Israel jail – to produce the “Freedom list” (see above).

Born out of a meeting held on the sidelines of the Munich Security Conference in February 2020 between the foreign ministers of Egypt, Jordan, France and Germany, this group of four met again to continue discussing Israel-Palestine peace efforts (so far in July 2020, September 2020, January 2021, March 2021, February 2022, September 2022 and May 2023). They each have strong relations with the parties to the conflict, both in the region and beyond, and want to promote lasting peace and stability in the region, believing that the two-state solution is still the best basis for this.

Settlement plan to be implemented by the Jerusalem District Planning Committee over the Green Line next to the area that borders Bethlehem. The plan, which got preliminary approval in January 2022, calls for the construction of 1,465 housing units on some 186 dunums of land (of which only 7 dunums are “state land”) along with an access road to be built on private Palestinian land belonging to residents of the adjacent Palestinian neighborhood of Umm Tuba. If constructed, this settlement will serve to create more Israeli continuity between Givat Hamatos and Har Homa while fracturing Palestinian space: breaking up contiguity between Beit Safafa and Sur Baher as well as Bethlehem and East Jerusalem.

Group that emerged in August 2022, named after Ibrahim Al-Nabulsi, a prominent resistance fighter from Nablus, nicknamed The Lion of Nablus, killed in July 2022 during an Israeli raid. Based in Nablus, the main goal revolves around targeting Israeli forces and encouraging other youths to imitate them, mainly through social media. The group has no affiliation with any "established terror organizations”, nor with the Palestinian Authority.

Far-right supremacist Jewish organization aiming at opposing “Jewish assimilation” through interfaith marriages. Lehava is an acronym for the Hebrew phrase LiMniat Hitbolelut B'eretz HaKodesh which means “For the Prevention of Assimilation in the Holy Land”. Lehava also calls for segregation by targeting “cooperating” Israeli-Jews (who rent to Arabs, go to mixed beaches, jointly work in the medical field), and opposing Christianity in Israel.

Israeli covert operation, also known as ‘Operation Susannah’, conducted in Egypt in the summer of 1954. A group of Egyptian Jews were recruited by Israeli military intelligence to plant bombs inside Egyptian, American, and British-owned civilian targets: cinemas, libraries, and educational centers which would then be blamed mainly on the Muslim Brotherhood, but also on Egyptian communists and other groups. The goal was to eventually destabilize Egypt and induce Britain to maintain its military presence in the Suez Canal zone. However, the plan was uncovered by Egyptians authorities, which later led to the resignation of then Israeli Defense Minister Pinhas Lavon and, ultimately, Israeli Prime Minister Moshe Sharett, and further strained relations between Israel and Egypt, the US, and Britain.

Form of activism seen as a show of solidarity in reaction to both the perceived pro-Israel bias of then US President Donald Trump's 2020 Middle East “peace plan” and Israeli threats to Islamic holy sites in Jerusalem and Hebron. Thousands of Palestinians gathered in front of mosques for early prayers, forsaking the usual protest sites where they risk arrest and channeling their anger into a mass expression of faith. The first calls for a surge in attendance were from Fatah, and numbers grew after the campaign gained support from Hamas.

Planned 700-unit settlement plan over the Green Line that was approved by the Jerusalem District Planning Committee in September 2022 on 38 dunams of land, affecting the Palestinian neighborhoods of Beit Safafa and Sharafat. Once implemented, it will fracture southern East Jerusalem and become the largest settlement that Israel has established in an existing Palestinian neighborhood and the first one directly undertaken by the government.

Independent list of 56 candidates for the 2021 elections (that never took place) submitted by Nasser Al-Qudwa, former Fatah Central Committee member and nephew of Yasser Arafat, and endorsed by Fatah leader Marwan Barghouti, who is currently serving five life sentences in an Israeli jail for his role during the Al-Aqsa Intifada. Al-Qudwa had announced his intention to run on a separate list already in early March 2021, which led to his expulsion from Fatah altogether. The Freedom List was headed by Al-Qudwa, with Marwan’s wife Fadwa Barghouti coming second and Abdel Fatah Hamayel, a leader of the first intifada, third. Hani Al-Masri, the director general of Masarat, the Palestinian Center for Policy Research and Strategic Studies, also figured on the list.

A breakaway list of Fatah members submitted by Mohammed Dahlan’s Democratic Reform Block for the 2021 elections (that never took place). The top three names on the 132-candidate list were Samir Al-Mashharawi, a former Fatah leader and Preventive Security veteran from Gaza; Dr. Sari Nusseibeh, former President of Al-Quds University; and author and feminist Nayrouz Qarmout.

An Israeli army unit turning settlers in the West Bank into soldiers. The “Desert Frontier” is mainly made up of settlers originally from the “hilltop youth” (see Hilltop Youth), a religious-nationalist youth who establish outposts without an Israeli legal basis in the West Bank, following the Kahanist ideology (see Kach/Kahane Chai). The idea is that serving in the unit is a way to rehabilitate them. Integrating them to the army also allows the Israeli military to fulfill the “security vacuum” in the Judean Desert with members who grew up in these outposts, worked as shepherds from a young age, and developed skills in tracking and navigation in the field.